Contents

• ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

• INTRODUCTION
• PART ONE  THE RISE OF A SHI'I STATE IN AWADH
  • 1  Middle Eastern Roots of Awadh Shi‘ism
  • 2  Shi‘i State Formation in Awadh and the Ulama
• PART TWO  THE ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF POPULAR SHI'ISM IN AWADH
  • 3  Shi'ism and Muslim Social Groups
  • 4  Popular Shi'ism
• PART THREE  THE GROWTH OF A SHICI CLERICAL HIERARCHY IN AWADH
  • 5  The Beginnings of Formal Shi‘i Institutions in Awadh
  • 6  The New Jurisprudents and the Struggle for Religious Leadership
  • 7  Religion, State, and the Second Usuli Generation
  • 8  Clericalist Monarchy and Shi‘i Institution Building
• PART FOUR  SHICIS AND OTHERS
  • 9  Shi‘i, Sunni, Hindu: Communal Relations in Awadh
  • 10  The Mujtahids and the West: From Accommodation to Annexation and Revolt
• CONCLUSION

• GLOSSARY OF ARABIC, PERSIAN, AND URDU TERMS
• SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY